How to Answer Questions
Strategy Structure TOEFL Test
Structure was tested in the second part of the TOEFL test. It's means
for to know your English competence. Question structure is used to test
your ability to understand the structure of the sentence in the English
language correctly. In this model uses sentence completion format that
complements the rest of the sentence is still empty.
Of Structure somewhat easier question part of another section of the TOEFL
test is Listening and Reading Comprehension. Because Structure not too
complicated, just fill in the blank sentence and identify sentence is
wrong. Nevertheless, not to be taken lightly as well as the questions can
trap and if not learn it before the test may not know the answer at all.
Tips for answering the
question structure :
Ø First of all consider the sentence in question in terms of
Remember purpose of the
questions is to know or determine the structure best answer what about the
right to supplement deficiencies. Therefore, by observing carefully will
know the shortcomings and what is needed to complete it. Here you need to
identify the components of the sentence. That is, which is the subject
(noun), prediket (verb), object (noun), adverbs, and so on
Ø Consider each answer is available, choose one that best
completes the question of sentence,you have to pay attention to each answer in
the answer choices (A), (B), (C), and (D). By looking carefully you will
soon find out which one is the right choice to fill the gap in the sentence in
question.
Of course you need to
equip themselves with adequate grammar abilities. So it is advisable to
study grammar books
Ø Never eliminate an answer choice just look at the answer
without seeing the phrase
about. In general, each
answer choice is true when it stands alone. An answer choice is right or wrong
will be known once it is inserted into the sentence.
1 . Passive Voice
Passive voice is a grammatical
construction, where the subject line does not take action, but the receiver of
an action by another agent either mentioned or not. In contrast, the active
construction, subject directly related to the verb to act as the agent of the
action.
Formula passive voice :
Be = Past Participle (Verb-3)
Ø Simple Present
Tense
Pattern = Subject + to be + Verb3
example:
Active: They buy a shirt every week
Passive: A shirt is bought buy Them
Ø Present
Continuous Tense
Pattern = Subject + to be + being + Verb3
example:
Active: He is watching a movie of the
action
Passive: A movie of the action is being
watch by his
Ø Present Perfect
Tense
Pattern = Subject + have/has + been +
Verb3
Example :
Active : She have done her homework
Passive : Homework have been done by her
Ø Simple Past Tense
Pattern = Subject + to be (was - were) +
Verb 2
example:
Active: I wrote a letter yesterday
Passive: The letter was written by me
Ø Past Continous
Tense
Pattern = Subject + to be (was – were) +
Verb3
Example :
Active : she were typing a letter
Passive : A letter was been typed by her
Ø Past Perfect
Tense
Pattern = Subject + had + been + Verb3
example:
Active: She had done her homework
Passive: She homework had been done by her
Ø Simple Future Tense
Pattern = Subject + will + be + Verb3
Example :
Active : They will buy a book tomorrow
Passive : A book will be bought by them
Ø Future Continous
Tense
Pattern = Subject + will be + being +
Verb3
Example :
Active : I will be typing a letter
Passive : A letter will be being typed by
me
Ø Future Perfect
Tense
Pattern = Subject + will have + been +
Verb3
Example :
Active : She will have done her homework
Passive : Homework will have been done by
her
EXERCISE
1. A : Do you know the result of the test?
B : Not yet. The announcement ____ twice.
a. was postponed
d. has to be postponed
b. was being postponed e. has
been postponed
c. will be postponed
2. Mela : Why do you prefer Surya Depstore to others?
Noni : Because the items ____ at a reasonable price.
a. is sold
d. were sold
b. are sold e. had been
sold
c. was sold
2.Participle
Active Participle is a verb - ing form which has the following functions :
Adjective ( Describe the noun) :
• I saw the boat sinking . ( I saw the boat which was sinking . )
• I heard the girl singing . ( I heard the girl who was singing )
Declare the events that occurred at the same point in time .
• Readi ng a magazine , I drink a cup of milk .
• Playing a piano , my sister sings song .
Declare the events that occur in succession :
• Having had breakfast , he went out .
• Having finished operating the computer , I Switched off it .
There are some
verbs that are followed by the Active Participle :
Catch , feel, hear , keep , leave , look at , notice , observe , see , smel
, watch .
• I feel something touching my ear .
• I keep the baby sleeping .
• I noticed them coming on time .
• I smell something burning .
• I saw the boys fighting .
Passive Participles are verb forms of the three that has a function to
express the cause and effect :
• She Enters . She is accompanied by her mother .
She Enters accompanied by her mother .
• He was aroused by the crash and leapt to his feet . Aroused by the crash
, he leapt to his feet .
Because / As / Since the city is surrounded by the mountain , the city has
a cool climate .
Surrounded by mountain the city has a cool climate
3.Conditional
sentence
Conditional sentence is a compound sentence formed from a subordinate clause that begins
with a subordinate conjunction condition and the main clause of a result /
consequence. There are 4 types of conditional sentence commonly used, namely:
type 1, type 2, type 3, and type 0. Condition on the conditional sentence may
be filled with type 1, type 2 or almost impossible not fulfilled, type 3 can
not be met (unreal) , while type 0 is always realized as a scientific fact /
scientific truth.
Type I : Future Conditional
This sentence reveals the events that are
expected to occur in the future and have the possibility to occur . ( probable
condition)
The pattern of the sentence :
If + S + Verb ( present ) , S + future
tense
or
subject + future tense , if + subject +
future tense
example :
If she comes , I will give her the message
.
If you study hard , you will pass the
final exam .
If she wins the competition , they will
give her a gold medal.
He will not go to the picnic , if it rains
.
If we arrive late , she will be angry with
us .
Type II : Present Conditional
It states that the event is expected to
occur today but did not happen . ( Improbable condition)
The pattern of the sentence :
If + S + Verb 2 / were + S + would + Verb1
If + S + V2 , Subject + Past Future
example :
If she visited me , I would give her money
.
If I had enough time , I would go fishing
.
If you were a sugar , I would be a ant .
If Natasha Rizky were my girlfriend , I
would be the happiest boy in the world .
If he smokes less , he would not cough so
much .
Note :
In this type , to be subject to all the IF
clause is WERE .
Type III : Past Conditional
It states that the event is expected to
occur in the past , but it did not happen . (impossible condition)
The pattern of the sentence :
If + S + Past Perfect + , S + Verb + Past
perfect future 3
Subject + Past perfect future , if +
subject + + V3 Past Perfect
example :
If he had Studied hard , he would have
passed the final exam .
If the team had played well , it would
have won the competition .
If Alter Bridge had been here , I would
have been very happy .
If you had come to my house , you would
have met me .
If I had known her number , i would have
called her .
4. Causative
Causative verb is a verb that is used to indicate that the subject is not
directly responsible for the actions that happened but someone or something
else that is doing the action. Functions & Formulas causative verbs
Causative Verbs Sentences are divided into two kinds, namely active (active)
and passive (passive). In active sentences causative verb, an agent who worked
on the action are known. In contrast, the causative verb kalimatpassive, agents
are usually not mentioned.
Let, make, have, and get a causative verb in common use, there is an action
that uses the bare infinitive verb form (infinitive without to) and some are to
the infinitive.
Let
Tense : Let + subject + verb
Used to indicate that a person has been
permitted to do anything .
example :
Danny let me enter his room .
Will you let me join the party tonight ?
I do not know what happen to me if my boss
will not let me join the meeting .
Make
Form of a sentence : subject + verb + Make
Used to indicate that someone is forced to
do something .
example :
Because of his homework , my teacher made
me have to work overtime .
Did he make you angry ?
Father made my brother change his bad
behavior .
Have
Form of a sentence : subject + verb + Have
Used to indicate the assignment of
responsibilities to someone in doing something .
example :
My father had me take a chair in another
room .
Mr . Advent had him lead the meeting .
I had the mechanic check my motorcycle .
Get
Form of a sentence : subject + verb + Get
Used to convince others to do something or
a little outsmart someone else to do something .
example :
I got my brother to take the medicine even
though it is little bit terrible .
The Governments do many ways to get people
stop smoking .
She got my sister clean the jacket by
giving some money .
EXERCISE
1. As i was talking to a client when my
phone rang , I had _____________
a. to
answer
b. answering the
call
c. asked to answer the call
d. answered to
call e. My
secretary answer the call
2. My radio is broken. i will get
someone _____________ it
a. repaired b.
to repair
c. has repaired it
d has to
repair
e.to do it for someone
5. Relative
Pronoun
Relative Pronoun is a pronoun to form a
noun that describes the relative clause in the main clause of a complex
sentence. In the relative clause, the relative pronoun can function as subject,
object, or possessive pronoun is where the there is no difference in the number
(singular or plural) and gender (male or female). These pronouns include: who,
Whom, Whose, roomates, and that indefinite pronoun and the suffix-ever, namely:
whoever, whomever, and whichever.
Relative Clause = Relative Pronoun +/-
Subject + Verb
Complex Sentence = Independent Clause +
Relative Clause
6. Negative – Either Neither
Either usage and Negative Neither the
Agreement In the words of the agreement, either function and Neither is very
similar to so and too. The difference is: and so too is only used in the
affirmative (positive) agreement, while, either, and Neither is only used to
express negative agreement. For more details, see the following pattern:
Negative statements, and
* subject * negative * either auxiliary or be
Negative statements, and * Neither *
positive * auxiliary or be subject
example:
1. I did not see my book this morning. My
sister did not see mybook this morning.
*. I did not see my book this morning, and
my sister did not either. (I did not see my book this morning, and so did my
sister).
*. I did not see my book this morning, and
Neither did my sister. (I did not see my book this morning, and so did my
sister).
7. Question
Tag
Question tags are short
questions were added at the end of a statement (declarative sentence) to ask
for information or asking for approval. Such as idioms, the tag question is the
part that is often used in everyday speech of a native speaker. Although
grammar, pronunciation, and intonation of his good, one can not easily recognizable
as a native speaker, if not using question tags.
example :
Ø You love math, don’t you?
Ø You don’t love math, do you?
8. Conjunction
The conjunction is a word
or group of words that serves to connect two words, phrases (phrases), clause
(clause), or paragraph (paragraph). This word is one of the eight parts of
speech.
EXERCISE
1. You’ll have to call me early in the morning; ……….,
I will have left for work.
a. however b. Otherwise c.
Furthermore d. Moreover e. Consequently
2. My uncle doesn’t earn much, ………, he can send his
children to college.
a. however b. and c. therefore
d. Hence e. So
9. Gerund
Gerunds are verb plus ing
(verb + ing) and functions as a noun. In other words, the gerund is a verb
converted into a noun by adding-ing.
1.We are
considering _____(buy) a cassette recorder.
a. We are considering buying a cassette recorder.
b. We are considering to buy a cassette recorder.
c. Don’t know
2. Mr. Robbi
stopped____(go) to his Engish Class.
a. Mr.Robbi stopped going to his English class.
b. Mr.Robbi stopped to
going to his English class.
c. Don’t Know
10. Infinitive
Infinitive
is a verbal consisting of particles to and from the simple form of the verb
(bare infinitive) which can function as a noun, adjective, or adverb. Verbal is
a word formed from the verb, but it serves as another part of speech. Another
verbal gerund and participle is. As with other verbal, this word is more common
to name the action (action) or a state (state). Infinitive can be accompanied
by the object (noun, pronoun), modifier, or object and modifier (noun phrase)
that becomes infinitive phrase.
example:
· To
win the game, we must practice hard.
· To
say is easy but is difficult to do.
· To be
easy to study English, we must have a lot of vocalubulary.
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